Genel

The world’s biggest ten wind turbines

Published

8 years ago

20 April 2017

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The world’s biggest ten wind turbines

1.MHI Vestas V164 8MW

Fotoğraf Açıklama: The most powerful wind turbine in the world

The fortunes of the MHI Vestas joint venture, created in April 2014, depend largely on the success of this model, the biggest wind turbine in serial production today.

Originally announced by Vestas as a 7MW unit in 2011, the V164’s development coincided with a tricky period in the Danish firm’s history, marked by steep losses, job cuts and a boardroom clear-out.

Teaming up with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries was crucial to continue development and begin production of the V164. A large percentage of the blades — 80 metres in length and weighing 33 tonnes apiece — are made at the company’s Isle of Wight facility in the UK.

The first project using the V164, Dong Energy’s Burbo Bank extension is currently under construction. The turbine has also been chosen to power part of the Walney Extension project in the Irish Sea, due to go online in summer 2018. A software-based power mode option boosting capacity to 8.3MW is now being offered.

2.Adwen AD-180

Another product of a recently formed offshore joint venture – this time between Gamesa and Areva – the Adwen AD-180 is setting a new benchmark for blade length at 88.4 metres, 10% longer than even those of the MHI Vestas V164.

Both JV partners are able to draw on some experience with offshore turbines. Areva’s Multibrid M5000-116, now rebranded as the Adwen AD5-116, is in operation at three German offshore projects, including the 400MW Global Tech 1 project in the German North Sea. Gamesa’s 5MW unit never progressed beyond the prototype installed onshore on the Spanish island of Gran Canaria.

However, the new 8MW turbine builds on the design of the Gamesa unit, especially with regard to the tube-shape medium-speed drivetrain. The turbine has been selected for three of France’s first six offshore projects, all of around 500MW, for a healthy looking order book.

Power rating 8MW Rotor diameter 180m

Drivetrain Medium-speed geared IEC Class lB

3. Siemens SWT-8.0-154 8MW

First seen in 2011 as a 6MW unit with a rotor diameter of 120 metres, Siemens has twice since upgraded this direct-drive offshore turbine for a power rating of 8MW with an extended rotor diameter of 154 metres.

The operational life of the 6MW machine kicked off in 2015 with the inauguration of Dong’s 210MW Westermost Rough project off the north-east coast of England. They are also being installed at the UK’s Dudgeon (402MW) and Germany’s Gode Wind 2 (252MW) projects.

The 7MW upgrade received type certification in January and has been specified for several large developments, including the 1.2GW Hornsea project off England’s east coast. It has also been ordered for the 329MW eastern phase of Dong’s Walney Extension; MHI Vestas’ V164 providing the hardware for the 330MW western phase, for what should make an interesting comparison.

Siemens has dominated the offshore market for the best part of a decade through its 3.6MW turbine. The big brother looks well placed to keep the German company on top.

Power rating 8MW Rotor diameter 154m

Drivetrain Direct-drive IEC Class lB

4.Enercon E-126 7.5MW

Developed from a 6MW machine unveiled in 2007, Enercon’s E-126 is the only onshore turbine to qualify for this list. The size and cost of this direct-drive design have limited its take-up, but a total of 87 6MW and 7.5MW machines are now operational, including 38 E126s are being installed at the Noordoostpolder site in the Netherlands.

The pre-fabricated modular tower consists of 35 tapering concrete rings and one steel yaw-bearing connector, with a diameter of 14.5 metres at the ground narrowing to 4.1 metres at the top. It gives the turbine a hub height of 135 metres and a tip height of 198.5 metres.

The segmented steel-composite blades are modest in length for a rotor diameter of 127 metres.

There were plans to install the E-112 predecessor offshore, but Enercon chose to steer clear of the offshore sector, while the development of segmented blades for the E-126 eased onshore transport and installation logistics.

Power rating 7.58MW Rotor diameter 127m

Drivetrain Direct-drive IEC Class IA

5.Ming Yang SCD 6.0MW

Eight years have passed since Chinese manufacturer Ming Yang signed an agreement with German design consultancy Aerodyn to build its radical downwind two-blade offshore turbine under licence for the Chinese market, but the project has yet to progress to serial production.

Development has been slow because the super compact design (SCD) contains few standard wind-turbine components. They have had to be specially made, usually in Germany, although the main carrier, gearbox and generator housing, as well the rotor hub were cast in China.

A prototype with a 140-metre rotor diameter was installed in China in the second half of 2014.

Aerodyn aims to sell the turbine in other markets outside China, and the company is now working on an 8MW variant with a 168-metre rotor diameter, which it showed in concept form at the 2014 Hamburg Wind Fair in Germany.

Power rating 6.0MW Rotor diameter 140m

Drivetrain Medium-speed geared IEC Class II

6.Senvion 6.2M152

Introduced as a 5MW unit in 2004 under the Repower brand, Senvion, which has since been bought and sold by Suzlon, has continued to develop this offshore turbine.

Power rating has been boosted to 6.15MW and a new variant – with a rotor diameter of 152 metres in place of the current model’s 126 metres – was installed as a prototype in December 2014.

The greater blade length provides a 20% increase in yield at wind speeds of 9.5m/s, according to the company, while other improvements include extending operating life from 20 to 25 years.

Senvion was the first OEM to offer a 5MW-plus offshore turbine, but the financial difficulties of former parent Suzlon slowed development. There are a little over 200 units either in operation or being installed.

Power rating 6.15MW Rotor diameter 126/152m

Drivetrain High-speed geared IEC Class S

7.GE Haliade 6MW

Later this year, the 6MW offshore turbine designed by French company Alstom will begin generating electricity at its first commercial project – the 30MW Block Island development off the eastern seaboard of the US. It will be America’s first offshore wind farm.

If that marks a small start for the turbine, now subsumed within GE’s portfolio after the US giant acquired Alstom’s power and grid business for around EUR10 billion last year, there is a great deal more to come.

The turbine has been selected to power three of the four projects awarded from France’s first offshore tender, adding up to 1,428MW or 238 turbines. It has also been chosen to power the 396MW Merkur offshore project in Germany’s North Sea.

Power rating 6MW Rotor diameter 150.8m

Drivetrain Direct-drive IEC Class IB

8.Sinovel SL6000

The stubborn refusal of China’s offshore wind market to grow in accordance with five-year plan directives has slowed the domestic development of offshore turbines.

Sinovel presented a 5MW machine several years ago, which was uprated to 6MW in 2011, but the turbine has only found a home in one commercial application to date – Huaneng Renewables’ 102MW Shanghai Lingang demonstration project off China’s east coast.

The prototype of the 6MW unit had the same 128-metre rotor diameter as the early 5MW machine, but Sinovel is now offering the turbine with an extended rotor diameter of 155 metres.

Sinovel started work on a 10MW turbine more recently, which was expected to be seen in prototype form late last year. But the company has cut back on the funding of its research and development facility in response to financial difficulties, and the turbine’s future is unclear.

Power rating 6MW Rotor diameter 128m/155m

Drivetrain High-speed geared IEC Class I

9.Dongfang/Hyundai Heavy Industries 5.5MW

Dongfang and Hyundai Heavy Industries (HHI) have both signed licence agreements with US-based designer AMSC Windtec Solutions for the manufacture of this offshore turbine.

Dongfang’s prototype, featuring in-house developed 68-metre rotor blades, was installed and grid-connected at the intertidal Rudong test site in China in summer 2013. Hyundai’s was installed onshore on South Korea’s Jeju Island in February 2014.

AMSC offers a choice between a permanent magnet generator or a doubly fed induction generator.

Both designs are said to be production-ready, but have yet to receive the orders to justify serial manufacture.

Power rating 5.5MW Rotor diameter 140m

Drivetrain High-speed geared IEC Class I

10.Adwen AD5-135

German engineering consultancy Aerodyn developed this offshore turbine back in the late 1990s. The first prototype was installed in 2004 by Multibrid GmBH. Areva took a 51% stake in the company in 2007.

Widely praised as an innovative design – its hybrid drivetrain providing a new solution between direct drive and high-speed geared for a low head mass and high reliability – it started its operating life with a 116-metre rotor diameter, since extended to 135 metres.

It was rebranded as the Adwen AD-135 following the launch of Adwen, the offshore joint venture between Gamesa and Areva.

More than 200 Multibrid M5000 turbines are operating in European waters, with a further 70 of the latest AD-135 model now being installed at the 350MW Wikinger project in Germany’s Baltic Sea.

Power rating 5MW Rotor diameter 135m

Drivetrain Low-speed geared IEC Class I

KAYNAK : WIND POWER

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Amazon meets 100% renewable energy goal 7 years early

Published

5 months ago

2 August 2024

Mesut Kul

Amazon meets 100% renewable energy goal 7 years early

All of the electricity consumed by Amazon’s operations, including its data centers, was matched with 100% renewable energy in 2023.

x In 2019, we set a goal to match all of the electricity consumed across Amazon’s global operations—including our data centers, corporate buildings, grocery stores and fulfillment centers—with 100% renewable energy by 2030. Today, we’re proud to share that we’ve met that goal seven years ahead of schedule. To get there, we’ve become the largest corporate purchaser of renewable energy in the world for four years running, according to Bloomberg NEF, and have invested billions of dollars in more than 500 solar and wind projects globally, which together are capable of generating enough energy to power the equivalent of 7.6 million U.S. homes.

Achieving this goal is an important milestone in our efforts to meet our Climate Pledge commitment of net-zero carbon by 2040. Looking ahead, we remain as committed as ever to getting there, but the path is changing in ways that no one quite anticipated even just a few years ago – driven largely by the increasing demand for generative AI. This will require different sources of energy than we originally projected, so we’ll need to be nimble and continue evolving our approach as we work toward net-zero carbon.

While we’ll continue investing heavily to add substantial amounts of renewable energy to our portfolio, we’re also exploring new carbon-free energy sources that can complement renewables and balance our needs. We’ve known from the start that our path to net-zero would have many obstacles and need to be adjusted for changes to both our business and the world. Nevertheless, as with all of our long-term goals, we remain optimistic and focused on achieving them.

“Reaching our renewable energy goal is an incredible achievement, and we’re proud of the work we’ve done to get here, seven years early. We also know that this is just a moment in time, and our work to decarbonize our operations will not always be the same each year—we’ll continue to make progress, while also constantly evolving on our path to 2040,” said Amazon Chief Sustainability Officer Kara Hurst. “Our teams will remain ambitious, and continue to do what is right for our business, our customers, and the planet. That’s why we’ll continue investing in solar and wind projects, while also supporting other forms of carbon-free energy, like nuclear, battery storage, and emerging technologies that can help power our operations for decades to come.”

“By achieving its 100% renewable energy goal, Amazon has made it possible for hundreds of new solar and wind projects to be constructed, bringing new sources of clean energy to grids and communities around the world,” said Kyle Harrison, head of sustainability research at BloombergNEF. “Addressing climate change while balancing society’s skyrocketing energy demands is a massive challenge, and Amazon’s commitment to clean power demonstrates how a single company can help accelerate the transition to the low-carbon economy on a global scale.”

Amazon renewable energy

Here’s a look at just a few of our newest renewable energy projects around the world.

Amazon’s renewable energy highlight

Since 2019, we’ve enabled renewable energy projects in 27 countries. In fact, we were the first corporation to enable utility-scale renewable energy projects in India, Greece, South Africa, Japan, and Indonesia, among other countries. To accomplish this, Amazon worked with policymakers to enable first-of-their-kind policies to help corporations support the construction of new solar and wind projects in these countries. The use of renewable energy has also been incorporated across Amazon’s broader corporate footprint. Amazon’s HQ2 headquarters in Virginia was designed to run with zero operational carbon emissions, and its electricity consumption is matched by a local solar farm. In addition to utility-scale projects, we’ve also enabled almost 300 on-site solar projects on the rooftops and properties of Amazon fulfillment centers, Whole Foods Market stores, and other corporate buildings around the world. In total, Amazon’s renewable energy portfolio will help avoid an estimated 27.8 million tons of carbon per year once all projects are operational.

Launching Mississippi’s first wind farm, supporting local residents while helping power Amazon data centers

Operations recently began at Delta Wind, the first utility-scale wind farm in Mississippi, which is generating carbon-free energy to help power Amazon’s nearby operations, including future data centers. The project includes some of the tallest land-based wind turbines in the U.S., allowing the project to optimize energy production. The project is hosted on 14,000 acres of farmland owned by Abbot Myers, a third generation farmer who receives revenue from the project’s developer, AES. This has helped Myers purchase new farm equipment and expand his rice and soybean crops. Amazon also recently announced a first-of-its-kind deal with local Mississippi utility company Entergy to enable 650 megawatts (MW) of new renewable energy projects in the state over the next three years, and provides funding for future upgrades to local grid and energy infrastructure over the next two decades. Amazon is now poised to enable a total of 1.3 gigawatts (GW) of new renewable energy projects through a combination of new solar and wind farms being built across the state.

Enabling nearly 1.7 GW of offshore wind—more than any company in the World

Amazon is supporting nearly 1.7 GW of capacity across six offshore wind farms in Europe that, once fully operational, are expected to produce enough energy to power 1.8 million average European homes. These projects make Amazon the top corporate purchaser of offshore wind globally. Offshore wind is able to generate significant amounts of energy due to the consistent flow of ocean breezes, and has the potential to meet more than one-third of global power needs, according to the United Nations. Amazon is also working with developers focused on optimizing wind turbine technology, which helps maximize the amount of electricity produced. Last year, the Amazon-Shell HKN Offshore Wind Project, or HKN, became the first offshore wind farm enabled by Amazon to begin operations. The project spans two locations off the coast of the Netherlands, and boasts more than 750 MW of renewable energy capacity.

Growing renewable energy opportunities in the Asia Pacific region

Amazon has enabled more than 80 renewable energy projects across the Asia Pacific region to date, including 50 projects across India, and projects in countries including Australia, China, Indonesia, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, and South Korea. In Japan specifically, Amazon is announcing our first onshore wind farm and standalone utility-scale solar project—a 33 MW wind project located in Rokkasho, Aomori Prefecture, as well as a 9.5 MW solar farm located in Kudamatsu, Yamaguchi Prefecture.Amazon is the largest corporate purchaser in Japan, with a total of 20 projects enabled to date. The projects include 14 onsite solar installations on rooftops of local Amazon buildings, and six offsite wind and solar projects.

While there has been a surge in solar projects in Japan, with solar accounting for nearly 10% of Japan’s energy mix in 2022, the mountainous terrain in the country covering over 70% of land has led to limited space to build large utility-scale energy projects. This is why aggregated solar projects—where many smaller, distributed projects are bundled into one larger power purchase agreement (PPA)—have worked well in Japan. In 2021, Amazon enabled the country’s first utility-scale aggregated solar project to be backed by a corporate PPA. Since then, we’ve engaged with Japanese industry groups and policy stakeholders to help expand corporate renewable energy procurement options in the country.

Modernizing the grid to deliver new carbon-free energy

An important part of Amazon’s renewable energy investments includes work to improve the grid, which needs to be modernized in order to deliver energy from new solar, wind and other carbon-free energy projects to users. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the world must add or replace 80 million kilometers of grids by 2040 to meet climate targets, and more than 1,500 GW of renewables projects are waiting in the queue globally. To help address this, teams across Amazon are engaging with energy regulators to find new ways to support grid modernization, remove permitting obstacles, and deploy grid enhancing technologies. We also co-founded the Emissions First Partnership, a coalition of energy purchasers focused on encouraging renewable energy investments in regions with grids that are primarily fueled by fossil fuel energy sources.

There are teams of Amazonians around the world working on projects like these every day because, with operations as broad and complex as ours, there’s no easy way or single path to get to net zero carbon. But we love taking on big challenges and we’re proud of the progress we’ve made so far.

Genel

Global climate targets under threat without a secure wind energy supply chain

Published

9 months ago

13 March 2024

Editör

New report outlines route for global supply chain resilience and growth, based on industry and government cooperation

Bottlenecks in the global wind industry supply chain could leave the world with only three-quarters of the wind energy installations needed for a 1.5°C pathway by 2030, i.e. a 650 GW gap to meet climate targets. The supply chains in the wind sector for minerals, components and key enabling infrastructure like ports and platforms are not fit-for-purpose for a net zero world, where today’s global installed wind fleet must scale up by roughly three times by the end of the decade.

Solutions exist, but require stronger collaboration between government and industry, as well as among supply chain actors themselves, according to a new report “Mission Critical: Building the global wind energy supply chain for a 1.5°C world” from the Global Wind Energy Council, in partnership with Boston Consulting Group. The report assesses the implications for energy transition policy across four future macroeconomic scenarios by 2030, and how broader global developments like rising inflation and open-door trade versus increased trade barriers will impact the wind supply chain landscape, market size and sustainability of industry returns.

The first-of-its-kind comprehensive analysis across key components and materials in the sector finds that the wind supply chain is highly globalised, with a strong focus in China for rare earth element refining and component manufacturing in particular. A resetting of political priorities towards industrial resilience and security in many areas of the world, including Europe and the US, in addition to increasing market volatility, poses risks for creating a competitive and sufficiently scaledup global supply chain. Policy and regulatory issues around permitting, grids, investment certainty and localisation are also holding back volume in the wind pipeline, which could otherwise send positive demand signals for supply chains to scale.

“This is a watershed moment for getting trade and industrial policy in shape for a 1.5°C world. Wind energy will form the backbone of the future energy system based on renewables, but in order to enable a tripling of the world’s wind installations by 2030 we require a globalised, secure and competitive supply chain.Governments must work with the industry and the industry must work together to ensure the sector meets the enormous demand for clean and secure energy within this decade. Investment in supply chains has seen setbacks in many regions of the world, largely caused by challenges in policy, regulation and market design while industry itself needs to step up to the climate emergency by embracing standardisation with more global and modular technology design. Everyone has a role to play in this mission to create stronger and more resilient supply chains for the energy transition.”

Ben Backwell, Global Wind Energy Council CEO

“The wind industry manufacturing footprint must be able to do two very different things at the same time, deliver on the projected industry output (ramping up to 190 GW in 2030) and prepare to support the 1.5° transition which would require 70% more capacity (320 GW in 2030).”

Lars Holm, Partner and Director at BCG’s Centre for Energy Impact

The report explores the impact of four different macroeconomic scenarios, and how the wind industry can best navigate uncertainty and change in the global market. An ‘Open Door’ approach would yield the highest net positive impact in wind growth to reach climate goals, but the report anticipates the ‘Increased Barriers’ scenario as the most likely to materialise in this decade.

1)An Open Door scenario with growing regional collaboration on both supply and demand.

2)An Increased Barriers scenario where mar- kets increase trade barriers and turn attention towards domestic investment.

3)Economic Downturn where investments dry up and attention focuses towards low- cost rather than low-emission technology.

4)Global Escalation where increasing cross-border conflict reduces trade and shifts energy focus from decarbonisation towards availability.

The report outlines six key action areas that would set the conditions for large-scale wind supply chain growth and security:

Address basic barriers to wind industry growth in land, grids and permitting to increase volume and predictability
The wind industry must standardise and industrialise
Regionalisation will be needed to support growth and resilience, while maintaining a globalised supply chain
The market must provide clear and bankable demand signals
Trade policy should aim to build competitive industries, not push higher costs onto end users
Fundamental reform of the power market reform underpins further wind growth

Through a coordinated global effort from industry and policymakers, challenges in the global wind supply chain can be resolved over the course of this decade. Actions taken now in these six areas will help to foster a highly resilient and cost-efficient wind industry to decarbonise the world.

About GWEC

GWEC is a member-based organisation that represents the entire wind energy sector. The members of GWEC represent over 1,500 companies, organisations and institutions in more than 80 countries, including manufacturers, developers, component suppliers, research institutes, national wind and renewables associations, electricity providers, finance and insurance companies.

Find us at: https://gwec.net/

Genel

TotalEnergies Awarded a 20-year Contract to Supply 1.3 GW+ of Renewable Electricity to New Jersey

Published

9 months ago

13 March 2024

Editör

TotalEnergies and its partner Corio Generation (Corio) announce that the State of New Jersey selected their Attentive Energy Two offshore wind project for a 20-year contract to supply 1.34 GW of renewable electricity to the state. The project will deliver renewable power to over 650,000 homes.

Attentive Energy Two, a joint venture between TotalEnergies (70%) and Corio (30%), received the award in the State’s third competitive OREC (Offshore Renewable Energy Credits) solicitation, organized by the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities (NJBPU). The development of the project is expected to provide up to $105 million in community investments across the state, and the partners are aiming for commissioning in 2031.

The profitability of the project is ensured by the guaranteed level of OREC revenue, with a first year set price of $131 per MWh after the start of commercial operations, inflated yearly by 3%, and the benefit of a 30% IRA tax credit. The contract awarded by the NJBPU also includes a one-time inflation adjustment mechanism to compensate for changes in construction costs environment until the final investment decision.

“We are honored that the State of New Jersey chose Attentive Energy Two to deliver reliable green electricity to New Jersey residents while contributing to the local economy and offshore wind supply chain. This is another success for us in the US electricity business, following the provisional award in October 2023 of a 25-year supply contract by the State of New York to our Attentive Energy One project,” said Vincent Stoquart, Senior Vice President Renewables at TotalEnergies. “Both Attentive Energy One and Two will support our operations in the attractive US power market, where we are developing a portfolio of more than 25 GW of flexible and renewable projects. They will also help us achieve our profitability target for this business segment of 12% ROACE by 2028, as well as our ambition of delivering more than 100 TWh of power generation by 2030.”

“The award of this long-term contract is a great achievement for Attentive Energy and great news for the people of New Jersey,” said Jonathan Cole, CEO of Corio Generation. “The Attentive Energy Two project will deliver clean, green energy to hundreds of thousands of New Jersey residents and stimulate billions of dollars of regional investment.”

In February 2022, TotalEnergies secured maritime lease OCS-A 0538 at the New York Bight auction. It then partnered with New York-based electricity producer Rise and global offshore wind developer Corio to join forces in the development of the Attentive Energy offshore wind projects. In addition to the Attentive Energy Two project in New Jersey, the lease’s 3 GW capacity will serve the Attentive Energy One project in New York, which was provisionally awarded a 25-year contract to supply 1.4 GW of renewable electricity to New York in October 2023. These two projects aim to provide green electricity to more than a million homes across both states.